This was paralleled by an increase in the absolute number of Blochmannia harbored per host [15]. selleck compound In pupal stage 3 shortly before eclosion bacteriocytes still were the dominating cell type of the midgut, but within the dense bacteria-harbouring midgut tissue again some bacteria-free cells started to appear (Figure 7). Figure 4 Early

stage P1 pupa. Overview (A) and detailed images of different optical sections (B – E) of the midgut of a C. floridanus pupa (P1) prior to excretion of the meconium by confocal laser scanning microscopy (for further PF 01367338 information regarding the composition of the figure see legend of Fig. 1). The distribution of bacteriocytes resembles that of L2 larvae shown in Fig. 2. Green label: The Blochmannia specific probe Bfl172-FITC; red label: SYTO Orange 83. The scale bars correspond to MK-1775 clinical trial 220 μM (A) and 35 μM (B – E), respectively. Figure 5 Late stage P1 pupa. Overview (A) and detailed images of different optical sections (B – E) of the midgut of a C. floridanus pupa (P1) at a later stage than the pupa shown in Fig. 4 by confocal laser scanning microscopy (for further information regarding the composition of the figure see legend of Fig. 1). The bacteriocyte layer encloses the entire midgut (C) and the infection of midgut cells other than bacteriocytes (i.e. cells with large and nucleoli-rich nuclei)

is increasingly observed (white arrows in D, E). Bacteria-harboring cells are now found in the epithelial layer bordering the gut lumen (E). Green label: The Blochmannia specific probe Bfl172-FITC;

red label: SYTO Orange N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase 83. The scale bars correspond to 220 μM (A) and 35 μM (B – E), respectively. Figure 6 Pupa of stage P2. Overview (A) and detailed images of different optical sections (B – E) of the midgut of a pupa after excretion of the meconium (P2) by confocal laser scanning microscopy (for further information regarding the composition of the figure see legend of Fig. 1). Virtually all cells of the midgut harbor Blochmannia and the bacteria once more are present in cells with large and nucleoli-rich nuclei (e.g. white arrow in figure part E). Green label: The Blochmannia specific probe Bfl172-FITC; red label: SYTO Orange 83. The scale bars correspond to 220 μM (A) and 35 μM (B – E), respectively. Figure 7 Pupa of stage P3. Overview (A, red stained Malpighian tubules are visible on the top of the midgut) and detailed images of different optical sections (B – E) of the midgut of a pupa immediately before eclosion (P3) by confocal laser scanning microscopy (for further information regarding the composition of the figure see legend of Fig. 1). In comparison to P2 (see Fig. 6), a slight increase in bacteria-free midgut cells with large nuclei can be observed. Green label: The Blochmannia specific probe Bfl172-FITC; red label: SYTO Orange 83.