A previous study showed that the brain specific first exon is the most distally located first exon in mice, 31 kb upstream of the translational start site. Here, we found that the gonadal fat specific first exon is located 75 kb upstream of the translational Calcitriol vit d3 start site. We assumed some similarities between human exon I. 4 and the mouse adipose specific first exon. However, analysis of the sequence of exon I. 4 and Ead showed no significant similarity, nor did the Ead sequence show sim ilarities to any other previously reported exons in humans or mice using the BLAST. Thus, our results extended the Cyp19a1 5 UTR from 31 kb up to 75 kb upstream of the first coding exon. Based on our data, the mouse Cyp19a1 gene now includes at least 104 kb of genomic sequence Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries on chromosome 9.

This newly identified Tad was expressed in male Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries gonadal fat and testis, and was not found in ovary or brain. It has been shown that Tgon is the principle transcript variant in the mature ovary. A previous study also showed that Tgon is expressed in the testis and brain, and we found that Tgon was also expressed in adipose tissue. Tbr was only expressed in brain and testis, which was not con sistent with a previous study which also described ovarian expression of Tbr. As shown in the previous study, Ttes was uniquely expressed in testis, but we also found that Tgon was the major Cyp19a1 transcript in testis. CYP19A1 expression in premenopausal women is mainly found in ovarian follicles, and estrogen functions as a cir culating hormone on distal target tissues.

Conversely, local estrogen synthesis in extragonadal tissues, such as adipose tissue, plays a more predominant Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries role in men and postmenopausal women. Regional variations in CYP19A1 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue have been observed in humans, and its expression in buttocks and thighs is 2 to 3 fold greater than that in subcutaneous abdominal tissue and breast tissue. In the present study, we showed regional variations of Cyp19a1 expres sion in mice. Cyp19a1 was expressed in male, but not female, mouse gonadal fat, and there was no Cyp19a1 expression in subcutaneous fat or brown adipose tissue in either sex. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries The CYP19A1 transcripts in human breast adipose tissue contain exon I. 4 followed by exon 1. 3 and II. In adipose stromal cells, the transcription Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of I. 3 and II is stimulated by cAMP or prostaglandin E2.

Promoter I. 4 contains the interferon ? activation element followed by a glucocorti coid response element that is a SP1 binding site, and I. 4 expression is stimulated by class I cytokines and TNF through the JAK1 STAT3 pathway. We Brefeldin A IC50 found that Cyp19a1 promoter activity in male mouse gonadal fat was induced by dexamethasone, and did not change after Bt2cAMP plus PDA treatment. Adipose specific Cyp19a1 mRNA expression in primary MAF was increased by dex amethasone and augmented by FBS.