acutoconica var. cuspidata (Peck) Arnolds (1985a) (see Boertmann 2010). The Japanese H. conica sequences comprise a distinct clade in

our ITS analysis (88 % MLBS). The type species, H. conica, has micromorphology that is typical of subg. Hygrocybe including parallel QNZ nmr lamellar trama hyphae that are long and tapered at the ends with oblique septa (Fig. 5). The longest hyphae are rare and are best viewed by teasing the trama hyphae apart in smash INK1197 mounts. Fig. 5 Hygrocybe (subg. Hygrocybe) sect. Hygrocybe. Hygrocybe conica lamellar cross section (DJL05TN89). Scale bar = 20 μm Hygrocybe [subg. Hygrocybe sect. Hygrocybe ] subsect. Macrosporae R. Haller Aar. ex Bon, Doc. Mycol. 24(6): 42 (1976). Type species: Hygrocybe acutoconica (Clem.) Singer (1951) [as H. acuticonica Clem.] ≡ Mycena acutoconica Clem., Bot. Surv. Nebraska 2: 38 (1893), = Hygrocybe persistens (Britzelm.) Singer (1940), ≡ Hygrophorus conicus var. persistens Britzelm.

(1890)]. Characters of sect. Hygrocybe; lacking dark staining reactions, though the stipe base may slowly stain gray; surface usually radially fibrillose-silky and viscid or glutinous but some with dry surface even when young; some spore lengths exceed 10 μm. Differs from subsect. Hygrocybe in absence of dark staining reaction and often a smoother pileus surface texture. Phylogenetic support Strong support for subsect. Macrosporae is shown in our ITS analysis (99 % MLBS, with 77 % support as the sister clade to subsect. Hygrocybe; Online Resource 8). Support for this subsection in our other analyses varies depending on whether species in the basal part of the grade are included or excluded. The Hygrocybe acutoconica www.selleckchem.com/products/MDV3100.html complex, including H. acutoconica (Clem.) Singer var. acutoconica, collections of this variety from Europe previously referred to as H. persistens (Britzelm.) Singer, and H. acutoconica f. japonica Hongo, form a strongly supported clade (99 % ML and 100 % MPBS in the ITS-LSU; 99 %

MLBS in the ITS), but with weaker support in the Supermatrix analysis (63 % MLBS). Placement of H. spadicea is ambiguous, with strongest support for inclusion in subsect. Macrosporae using ITS (99 % MLBS), ambiguous placement using LSU (Fig. 3 and Online Resource 7) and basal to both subsect. Hygrocybe and Macrosporae in the Supermatrix Ribonuclease T1 analysis (Fig. 2). Similarly, both Babos et al. (2011) and Dentinger et al. (unpublished data) show ambiguous placement of H. spadicea lacking significant BS support. In our ITS analysis, H. noninquinans is basal to both subsections (69 % ML BS) making subsect. Macrosporae paraphyletic if included. Similarly, including H. noninquinans makes subsect. Macrosporae paraphyletic in our ITS-LSU analysis as a species in the staining conica group (subsect. Hygrocybe) falls between H. noninquinans and other non-staining spp. with high BS support. The 4-gene backbone analysis places H. noninquinans with H. aff. conica in sect. Hygrocybe with high support (97 % ML, 1.