6% of cardiac arrest patients with cardiac causes (P = 0.273, chi-squared test).TR-DGUThe overall hospital mortality rate for trauma cardiac arrest patients was 73% (n = 593 of selleck Pacritinib 814; Table Table22 group ATR-DGU). Patients who were found without any circulation at the initial pre-hospital assessment had an even poorer outcome (n = 279; mortality rate 84%), whereas the initial presence of blood pressure was more beneficial (n = 279; mortality rate 64%; Figure Figure22).Table 2Characteristics, treatment, and outcome of patients with severe trauma and cardiac arrest based on the Trauma RegistryFigure 2Overview of hospital mortality rates, based on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (pre-hospital) and initial circulation (blood pressure). BP, blood pressure; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ED, emergency department; n.

d., not documented; ROSC, return …Approximately one of three patients (n = 268; 33%) required additional CPR during initial treatment after hospital admission. These patients had a poorer outcome (mortality rate 87%) than those who did not require any additional in-hospital CPR attempts (mortality rate 66%; Figure Figure22).Patients who received pre-hospital and in-hospital CPR and in whom blood pressure was not detectable initially had the poorest outcome (n = 83; mortality rate 93%).Trauma patients who received CPR had much more severe injuries, had more frequently head injuries, were more often in a state of shock, and underwent considerably more preclinical interventions such as catecholamine administration, endotracheal intubation, chest drainage, and volume substitution (Table (Table22).

Patients who needed in-hospital CPR received much larger amounts of blood transfusions than those with pre-hospital CPR, and they also required emergency surgical interventions much more often.Patients who were discharged alive after pre-hospital CPR had various conditions: only 24% of survivors were able to be discharged at home, while the remaining patients were transferred to a secondary hospital or to rehabilitation clinics (Table (Table2).2). Persistent vegetative state (PVS) was observed in 4.9% of patients.Figure Figure33 summarizes the results from both registries, with primary outcome calculated for an arbitrary group of trauma patients with cardiac arrest in whom CPR was initiated (defined as 100%). ROSC was achieved in 29%.

Excluding patients who subsequently died pre-hospital or who had ongoing CPR on admission (3%), 26% of patients were admitted to hospital with spontaneous circulation. About half of these patients died within 24 hours, resulting in 13% survivors beyond 24 hours. Only 7% of the patients survived until hospital GSK-3 discharge.Figure 3Summary of the results from the German Resuscitation Registry (GRR) and the Trauma Registry of the German Society for Trauma Surgery (TR-DGU) for patients with traumatic cardiac arrest in whom CPR was started (defined as 100%).