89 Two open-label studies treated a total of fifteen children with autism (aged 6 to 15 years) with quetiapine; only four subjects were deemed Selleckchem MK2206 clinical responders.90,91 Dosages ranged from 25 to 800 mg/day. Adverse effects included sedation, weight gain, behavioral

activation, akathisia, and a probable seizure. Ziprasidone Ziprasidone is moderately effective in individuals with ASDs, although there Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical are no published controlled trials. A case report of a 7-year-old child treated with ziprasidone revealed improved agitation, impulsivity, mood, cognitive performance, and language.92 Another report of a 15-year-old who was concurrently treated with methylphenidate showed improvements in maladaptive behaviors, attention to tasks, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and listening.93 A retrospective Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical chart review of 10 adults with autism (mean age, 43 years) examined the effect on maladaptive behaviors after switching to ziprasidone from another atypical antipsychotic.94 Six subjects (60%) showed improved behavior, while one (10%) had no change and 3 (30%) showed decompensated behavior. Weight loss occurred in 80% with a mean change of -5.9 kg. Four subjects had reduced total cholesterol levels, and 3 of 5

had reduced Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical triglyceride levels. An open-label study in 12 individuals with ASDs, aged 8 to 20 years (mean age, 11 years), revealed a 50% clinical response rate, although two patients with comorbid bipolar disorder were rated ”much worse.“

95 Another open-label study in 12 adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years (mean age, 14 years), revealed a 75% response rate with statistically significant Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical decreases observed in the ABC subscale scores of Irritability and Hyperactivity.96 In the studies above, dosages ranged from 10 to 160 mg per day, with the most common adverse event being transient sedation. Aripiprazole Aripiprazole is efficacious for the treatment of irritability in children and adolescents Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical with autism, as evidenced by two large, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.97,98 Long-term treatment (up to 1 year) is also considered safe and Linifanib (ABT-869) well-tolerated in children and adolescents.99,100 Studies in adults are limited to case reports. Prior to these studies, open-label trials in children and adolescents with ASDs revealed favorable responses in the treatment of significant irritability.101,102 A retrospective chart review, however, revealed poorer responses in the management of aggression, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and SIB.103 Dosages ranged from 2.5 to 15 mg/day. Adverse events that led to discontinuation included sedation, hypersalivation, aggression, and weight increase. EPS-like tremor, hyperactivity, akathisia, and dyskinesia have also been reported.97,99 Two case reports in adults have demonstrated mixed results.