All the daily smokers participating in the program were invited to participate. Participants reported attaining the following levels of education: 40.7% completed high school, 30.9% completed college (community college or technical schooling), 13.0% completed university (traditional 4-year schooling), 10.6% completed junior high school, 4.1% completed elementary any other enquiries school, and 0.8% did not report educational status. With regard to marital/relationship status, 48.0% of the sample reported being married/cohabiting with a partner, 35.0% reported being separated/divorced/widowed, and 17.1% reported being single. Participants reported smoking an average of 19.71 cigarettes/day (SD=7.57) and endorsed relatively high levels of nicotine dependence (M=6.25, SD=2.

17), as indexed by the Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND; Fagerstr?m, 1978; Heatherton, Kozlowski, Frecker, & Fagerstr?m, 1991) at treatment outset. Participants reported initiating daily smoking at a mean age of 16.60 years (SD=4.77) and smoking regularly for an average of 28.28 years (SD=10.64). In terms of smoking cessation, participants endorsed an average of 2.95 (SD=2.85) ��serious�� lifetime quit attempts and 5.77 (SD=12.57) lifetime quit attempts lasting longer than 12 hr. The longest average lifetime period of smoking abstinence after a quit attempt among participants was 1.14 years (SD=2.74). Participants had the option of using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) during the study (see Measures and Procedure), and all accepted the optional NRT.

Data regarding NRT use are reported here for only those participants with smoking calendar log data at or following the quit day appointment (n=106) as only these participants are included in the analyses (see Results). Upon enrollment in the study (approximately 2 weeks prior to quit day), 8 participants requested only nicotine gum, 6 participants requested only the nicotine patch, 90 participants requested the nicotine gum and patch, 1 participant did not request NRT during the first week (but at week 2 of the study, this participant requested both nicotine gum and patch), and 1 participant’s NRT data were missing for the first week (but at week 2 of the study, this participant requested both nicotine gum and patch). Participants�� NRT regimens were modified throughout the study, as based on individual requests or expressed need.

Measures Descriptive baseline measures. Participants provided demographic and background information such as age, gender, marital status, educational attainment, and annual income during the first session. At this time, participants also were asked to indicate if they were accepting the NRT provided, and whether they were accepting the gum, the patch, or both. All participants were Cilengitide offered at least one form of NRT as part of the treatment research program. Smoking History Questionnaire.