Changes in postoperative measurements over time were analyzed with repeated measurement ANOVA. Paired t-tests were used to compare the ipsilateral and contralateral sides. The results are expressed as mean ± SD and differences are considered selleck MG132 significant at P < 0.05. Results TH immunohistochemistry To analyze the impact of 6-OHDA lesions, TH was explored at the level of SNc (Fig. ​(Fig.1A,1A, B). A considerable decrease in TH inhibitor KPT-330 staining was observed in the 6-OHDA-lesioned

rats (B) compared to the shams (A). This decrease Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in staining was observed in both the SNc and VTA. The impact of degeneration was measured by counting the TH-positive cells within the SNc, revealing a significant decrease in TH-positive Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical cells in 6-OHDA-lesioned animals (C). Although not counted, a decrease in TH staining within the VTA was also observed and appeared less severe than in the SNc. The TH immunolabeling obtained here is in agreement with previous studies (Paillé et al. 2007; Ouachikh et al. 2013; Zengin-Toktas

et al. 2013). Figure 1 TH immunostaining in sham (A) and 6-OHDA-lesioned animal (B) reveal a drastic decrease in the intensity of staining, mainly in the SNc and less in the VTA. (C) Quantification Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of TH cells in SNc: the total number of TH-positive neurons was measured in … Locomotor exploration Locomotor impairment was investigated using the

rotarod technique (Fig. ​(Fig.1D)1D) in both lesioned and sham animals. It revealed significant differences in 6-OHDA-lesioned animals (n = 8), starting from the first week when compared to the shams (n = 8) group (Fig. ​(Fig.1D,1D, week 2: Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical 55 ± 40 sec vs. preoperative stage: 169 ± 25 sec, ***P < 0.001; week 4: 76 ± 36 sec vs. preoperative stage: 169 ± 25 sec, ***P < 0.001; week 6: 95 ± 29 sec vs. preoperative stage: 169 ± 25 sec, ***P < 0.001). Their activity seemed to improve over time but remained different from their Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical preoperative score. Dopamine depletion evoked allodynia 6-OHDA-lesioned rats were assessed for DMA from 4 days to 5 weeks after injury (Fig. ​(Fig.2A).2A). A significant pain score difference was obtained in the 6-OHDA-lesioned animals when compared to the shams. The pain increase was observed in the 6-OHDA-lesioned animals throughout the duration of the experiment. A high inverse correlation (r = −0.84; Brefeldin_A P = 0.04) between the allodynic score and the number of TH-positive cells was observed (Fig. ​(Fig.2B).2B). A low TH cell number is correlated with a severe DMA. Figure 2 The graph (A) represents the trigeminal pain score as measured by the Vos index in 6-OHDA-lesioned animals (black) and sham (gray). This result was obtained by the application of gentle air puffing on the right side of the infraorbital region. The left …