Findings One patient withdrew consent before treatment and 54 did not complete treatment. After a median follow-up of 44 months, our 3-year estimate of event-free survival was 81% (95% CI 75-86) in the R-ACVBP group and 67% (59-73) in the R-CHOP group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.56, 95% CI

0.38-0.83; p=0.0035). 3-year estimates of progression-free survival find more (87% [95% CI, 81-91] vs 73% [66-79]; HR 0.48 [0.30-0.76]; p=0.0015) and overall survival (92% [87-95] vs 84% [77-89]; HR 0.44 [0.28-0.81]; p=0.0071) were also increased in the R-ACVBP group. 82 (42%) of 196 patients in the R-ACVBP group experienced a serious adverse event compared with 28 (15%) of 183 in the R-CHOP group. Grade 3-4 haematological toxic effects were more common in the R-ACVBP group, with a higher proportion of patients experiencing a febrile neutropenic episode (38% [75 of 196] vs 9% [16 of 183]).

Interpretation Compared with standard R-CHOP, intensified immunochemotherapy with R-ACVBP significantly improves survival of patients aged 18-59 years with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

with low-intermediate risk according to the International Prognostic Index. Haematological toxic effects of the intensive regimen were raised but manageable.”
“Neurons have long held the spotlight as the central players of the nervous system, but we must remember that we have equal numbers of astrocytes and neurons in the brain. Are these cells only filling up the space and passively nurturing the neurons, or do they also contribute to information transfer and processing? After several years of intense research since PLX4032 mouse the pioneer discovery of astrocytic calcium waves and glutamate release onto neurons in vitro, the neuronal-glial studies have answered many questions thanks to technological

advances. However, the definitive in vivo role of astrocytes remains to be addressed. In addition, it is becoming clear that diverse populations of astrocytes coexist with different molecular identities and specialized functions adjusted to their microenvironment, but do they all belong to the umbrella family of astrocytes? One population of astrocytes takes on a new selleck chemicals function by displaying both support cell and stem cell characteristics in the neurogenic niches. Here. we define characteristics that classify a cell as an astrocyte under physiological conditions. We will also discuss the well established and emerging functions of astrocytes with an emphasis on their roles on neuronal activity and as neural stem cells in adult neurogenic zones. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor whose activation leads to alterations in pathways involved in energy metabolism. For example, it serves as a bile acid receptor in tissues such as the liver, and as an energy metabolism regulator in liver, muscle and adipose tissue.