Intervention: Telephone screening followed by telephone interview concerning treatment sought for most recent toothache.
Main outcome measure: Whether a pharmacist was consulted for toothache
pain.
Results: Interviews were completed for 68.3% of eligible households. One of five respondents consulted a pharmacist regarding toothache pain. No differences were noted among demographic groups other Selleck LDN-193189 than differences related to age. No association was observed between respondents asking for advice from pharmacists and the number of toothaches they experienced during the previous 10 years or the pain level of their most recent toothache; however, an association was seen between the duration of the most recent toothache and the degree Tideglusib in vivo to which the toothache interfered with daily activities. Approximately 90% of respondents adhered to pharmacist advice, while 55.7% reported that the advice helped “”a lot.”"
Conclusion: Pharmacists have an important role to play in alleviating toothache pain, especially among lower-income individuals without ready access to traditional dental services.”
“Purpose of review
New evidence is emerging to address the continued uncertainty regarding the optimal range to target oxygen saturation levels in preterm infants.
Recent findings
A recently published systematic review summarized the existing evidence for currently used oxygen saturation targets
in ATR inhibitor preterm infants and highlighted the paucity of randomized trials addressing this topic. It appears that higher oxygen saturation levels increase the risk of severe retinopathy of prematurity and pulmonary morbidities. However, data regarding the effects of various target ranges on early mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes are lacking. A collaborative group of investigators from five independent randomized trials was established to answer this question definitively. Although the final analysis will not be available until 2014, interim results from four of these trials revealed an increase in early mortality when the lower oxygen saturation range is targeted. At present,
it may be prudent not to target oxygen saturation levels below 90%. Whatever the optimal range, consistently maintaining the newborn’s oxygen saturation levels within target proves an additional challenge for providers. Both technological advancements and optimized patient-caregiver ratios may be useful in achieving targeted oxygen saturation goals.
Summary
Defining and maintaining optimal oxygen saturations in preterm infants remains a challenge for clinicians caring for preterm infants. However, ongoing investigative collaborations may soon provide guidance.”
“Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective and ameliorating effects of leptin treatment in hypoxic-ischemic injury induced neuronal cell death.
Methods.