M. bolleyi isolates had a maximum at 25°C and were still able to grow at 30°C (Figure 4). M. phragmitis isolates had growth rates Epoxomicin datasheet a little higher than those of M. bolleyi up to 20°C. However, they grew much more slowly above 20°C, which was their maximum, and they completely ceased to grow at 30°C. This also applied to M. nivale, which was used as an outgroup. When such cultures were transferred to a temperature of 15°C the colonies BLZ945 chemical structure started to expand again, indicating that these fungi were still viable. Dunnett tests (P < 0.05) on the averaged growth rates of the M. phragmitis

and M. bolleyi isolates indicated significant differences for all temperatures tested except 20°C. Multifactorial analysis of variance (MANOVA, P < 0.05) yielded the same result. Figure 4 Growth rates of Microdochium spp. Three replicated assays were recorded for each isolate and each temperature. For each taxon up to five independent isolates

were tested. Results show total averages from all replicated assays and all isolates. The tested reed isolates were for M. phragmitis 4/97-39, 5/97-16, 5/97-30, and 6/97-20, and for M. bolleyi A7, 4/97-7, 5/97-48, 5/97-49, and 5/97-54. The tested reference strains were for M. bolleyi CBS 172.63 and CBS 137.64, and for M. nivale CBS 320.78 and CBS 110.94. Bars indicate standard deviations. Whether temperature optima determined in vitro could correspond to soil temperature at sites where the fungi were originally isolated was investigated. Three data loggers were buried at a soil depth of 20 cm at one of the original locations on buy AC220 RVX-208 the shores of Lake Constance to record hourly ambient temperatures from March 2005 to February 2006 (K. Neubert & J. Nechwatal, data not shown). The average annual soil temperature was 11.1°C with a maximum reaching slightly

above 21°C, which occurred for only a few days in summer. Both species grew equally well in vitro at 21°C. Co-occurrences of five fungal species Four statistical tests were used to analyze the occurrences of five fungi, i.e. the binomial distribution test, the EcoSim Co-occurrence module [24], Fisher’s Exact test and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Except for CCA, one combined data set, including nested-PCR results from all 251 samples, was analyzed simultaneously using each method, and in addition, several partial data sets were analyzed to examine occurrences for season, host organ, host habitat, and for the combination of organ plus habitat, respectively. First, the binomial distribution test (P < 0.05) with Bonferroni corrections was applied to examine whether within a given data set the total incidence of one species differed significantly from that of another species. Three of ten species pair comparisons using the undivided data set showed significantly contrasting occurrences (Additional file 4). These three comparisons involved Ms43Mb21, which was generally less prevalent than all other species.