, Osaka, Japan). The recombinant cofilin-1 with MBP (cofilin-MBP), as well as MBP alone, was purified from the bacterial see more cell lysate by histidine-Ni+ affinity purification as described previously (19). Western blotting was carried out as follows. In 1DE-WB, 5 μg cofilin-MBP or MBP alone as a control was separated by 12.5% SDS-PAGE, and then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking with PBS containing 1% BSA and 0.1% Tween 20 for 2

hr and washing in PBS with 0.1% Tween 20 for 5 min three times, the membrane was incubated with each of the serum samples for 2 hr. The serum samples, diluted at 1:100 with PBS containing 1% BSA and 0.1% Tween 20, were incubated with 2000 μg/ml bacterial lysate containing non-recombinant pMAL-eHis products for 2 hr at room temperature in advance. The membrane was then washed five times in PBS with 0.1% Tween 20, and the bound antibodies were reacted with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human IgG (Zymed Laboratories, San Francisco, CA, USA) Epacadostat diluted at 1:3000 with PBS containing 1% BSA and 0.1% Tween 20 for 1 hr. The bound antibodies were visualized with diaminobenzidine. In 2DE-WB, the PBMC proteins, separated by 2DE as described above, were transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. The procedures afterward were similar to those

in 1D-WB without the preclearance by incubation with the bacterial lysate. We first detected autoAgs/autoAbs by 2DE and the subsequent WB using each of 10 serum samples from five patients (BD5, BD6, BD7, BD8 and BD10, randomly selected from the 30 BD patients) and from five healthy donors. The results of WB in all the five BD patients and a representative result from the healthy group are shown in Figure 1. We detected a total of 17 protein spots that reacted to at least one of the five serum samples from the patients with BD, but did not react to any of the serum samples from the healthy group. The positions

of the 17 spots on the 2DE gel are shown in Figure 2 and the reactivities of the protein spots to each of the five serum samples are summarized in Table 2. The proteins detected here would C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR-7) be candidate autoAgs in BD and the detection of multiple autoAgs here indicates that autoimmunity is a common phenomenon in BD as pointed out previously. We next tried to identify the 17 proteins by mass spectrometry and protein database searching. We thus successfully identified eight out of the 17 protein spots (spot no. 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 14 and 17). The profiles of the identified proteins and representative data of the protein identification are shown in Table 3 and Figure 3. One of the nine identified proteins is enolase-1, which has been reported to be autoantigenic in BD in our previous study (3). This indicates that our screening here is reliable. Three of the eight proteins were identified as actin-like proteins. The others included vimentin, a tubulin-like protein, Rho-GDI-β and cofilin-1.