The polymers with drug pendent were characterized using FTIR, NMR, and GPC spectroscopy. Following hydrolysis of polymeric drug-saccharide conjugates at 37 degrees C, the cumulative released of naproxen, ibuprofen, and ketoprofen were 70, 55, and 30% after 10 days, respectively. Half-lives (t(1/2)) of the copolymers were calculated through the first 12 h and these were found to be 4.2, 5.3, and 7.8 h, suggesting a slow and sustained drug release mechanism. The drug release profiles were also carried out at different Selleck NVP-BSK805 pH, temperature, and ionic strength and solution varieties. It was concluded that different release profiles occurred and were dependent on temperature and pH. It was apparent that the polymeric drug-saccharide
conjugate had the potential to be developed as a system that enhances drug delivery. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 1654-1660, 2011″
“Production of poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA) by Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 0833 was investigated. It was influenced by the utilization of extracellular substrate glutamate, which was a relatively low-efficiency procedure in gamma-PGA fermentation. Then it was discovered that the glutamate utilization was greatly dependent on the medium pH. However, selleck chemical the optimal pH for glutamate utilization was not consistent with that for the cell growth. Therefore, in order to obtain the optimal production of gamma-PGA, a two-stage pH-shift
control strategy was buy VX-661 proposed. At first 24h, pH was controlled at 7.0 to obtain the maximum biomass, and then shifted to 6.5 to obtain high level of glutamate utilization and gamma-PGA production. By applying such a pH-shift control strategy, the glutamate utilization increased from 24.3 to 29.5 g/l the intracellular glutamate, which was the direct substrate, also increased, and consequently the yield of gamma-PGA increased from 22.2 to 27.7 g/l, increased by 24.8%. This was the first report of using a two-stage pH-shift control strategy in gamma-PGA production, and it
was proved to be an effective way for the optimization of gamma-PGA production in this strain. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.”
“Study Design. A retrospective review.
Objective. To obtain an assessment of complication incidence using the largest known database of adult scoliosis and to determine whether the rate of complication depends on various clinical parameters.
Summary of Background Data. The Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) morbidity and mortality database has previously been used to assess complication rates in adolescents undergoing scoliosis correction. To better understand complications in adults, degenerative and idiopathic adult scoliosis (AS) cases were studied.
Methods. The SRS morbidity and mortality database was queried to identify cases of AS from 2004 to 2007. Complications were identified and analyzed on the basis of patient type of scoliosis (degenerative vs.