The prepared tablets were found to be of acceptable quality with low-weight variation and uniform drug content. In vitro release studies indicated rapid swelling and release of significant percentage of drug in the initial period from matrix tablets

composed of xanthan gum alone. Addition of pH responsive polymers Eudragit (L100 or S100) to xanthan gum matrix resulted in negligible to very low drug release in the initial period in acidic to weakly acidic medium. Furthermore, with increase in pH of the dissolution medium due to dissolution of Eudragit L100/Eudragit S100 that resulted in the formation of a porous matrix, faster but controlled drug release pattern was observed. Thus, a sigmoidal release pattern was observed selleckchem RAD001 from the designed formulations suitable for colonic delivery. Drug release mechanism in all cases was found to be of super case II type, indicating erosion to be the primary cause of drug release. Since the drug release from almost

all the matrix bases in the initial phase was negligibly low and followed with controlled release for about 14-16 h, it was concluded that a matrix design of this composition could have potential applications as a colon-specific drug delivery device with additional advantage of easy scale-up and avoidance of all-or-none phenomenon associated with coated colon-specific systems.”
“A cross-sectional study was carried out to identify risk factors for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in 300 randomly selected dairy herds which were tested for antibodies in bulk tank milk (BTM) using a commercial indirect ELISA kit (SVANOVA). Results from the analysis were interpreted according to the Swedish BVDV control scheme. The testing revealed 129 (43%) BTM BVDV antibody-positive herds. Use of artificial insemination (AI) and herd size were significantly associated with BVDV serological status (P < 0.05). Dairy herds that use AI had 2.82 Silmitasertib increased odds of

BVDV-seropositivity (95% CI: 1.02-7.24). Since the semen used in the studied population come from known selected sires, it was hypothesized that AI technicians should represent an important risk factor because the increasing number of visitors in the farm can introduce the virus through the clothes, shoes and contaminated equipment. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Study Design. Reliability comparison of 2 radiographic axis systems by inter- and intraobserver variability.

Objective. To determine whether the central hip vertical axis (CHVA) provides a more reliable reference axis for the evaluation of scoliosis.

Summary of Background Data. Current practices in the evaluation of the scoliotic spine use the central sacral vertical line (CSVL), a true vertical drawn upward from the middle of S1, to assess the spinal deformity. However, the CVSL is defined only in the coronal radiographic view and has no corresponding definition in the sagittal view.