This indicates that flies displayed different turn angle behavior in edge and central zone. The dissimilarity is most likely because the movement along the edge is shaped by the curvature of the circular edge. To examine this possibility, the turn angles were calculated for

all the move lengths (ranging from 1 to 3 cm) of the fly in the edge zone. The computed Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical turn angles were compared Temsirolimus mTOR against the corresponding expected turn angles along the curvature of the arena. There was no significant difference between the observed and expected turn angles in the edge zone, which strongly suggests that wall-following behavior affects turning behavior (Supporting information). Figure 5 Drosophila display few large-angled turns in circular open-field arenas. Turn angle was estimated in two

separate zones within the arena. The central zone is the inner one-third portion of the arena and the edge zone is the outer one-third Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of the arena. … The propensity to walk Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in relatively straight lines may either cause the edge preference or develop as a result of this preference. To determine if the measured propensity for low turn angles is sufficient to account for the observed wall-following behavior, we have used Flymatron to systematically test the effect of field of motion (FoM) on the spatial orientation behavior of simulated flies (Fig. 6). The simulation was run for each arena with 20 pseudo-randomly chosen starting Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical positions by altering the maximum FoM, an FoM of 30° allowed turning angle of 15° to

the right and 15° to the left of the fly’s direction of movement, and choosing step size randomly as zero to five nodes. In these simulations, we recorded Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the node visits and movement history within specific areas that matched our previous experimental measurements (Fig. 2). Canton-S will spend ~90–95% of the time in the outer one-third of an 8.4-cm arena (Liu et al. 2007); this edge preference corresponded to a 24° FoM or 12° turn angle (Fig. 8A), approximately the same value for the peak turn angle AV-951 of Canton-S within edge zone (Fig. 5A). Figure 8 Drosophila visually attend the arena’s edge during exploration. Wild-type Canton-S, w1118, and norpA7 were examined in circular arenas that had either a clear or opaque boundary. The activity of the normally sighted Canton-S and the blind norpA7 did not … The movement of flies was also simulated in the open-field arena with internal corners, while varying the FoM (Fig. 6B). Canton-S will spend ~6% of the time in the central 2-cm2 zone of the internal corner arena, and 1% of the time in the comparable open-field arena (Fig. 2B). Both of these values were both closely matched by a maximum 30° FoM (15° turn angle) in the Flymatron simulator (Figs. 2B, ​,6B).6B).