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“To assist in the testing of possible antigens in developing a vaccine against the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae De Geer), a rapid and reliable in vitro screening method is critical. This short paper describes how D. gallinae survival and fecundity rates in an in
vivo feeding device compared to that of mites fed using an in vitro method. Results showed that survival of fed D. gallinae females and mites overall was greater in vitro, although there was no difference between male survival and fecundity between in vivo and in vitro designs. The in vitro feeding device described therefore has the potential to provide learn more reliable results, comparable to those obtained by in vivo testing, to allow for the rapid screening of D. gallinae antigens.
(C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, one of the most important UGT isoforms, can metabolize a variety of endogenous substances and xenobiotics. UGT1A1-catalyzed glucuronidation reaction plays a key role in many clinical events, including Gilbert syndrome and irrinotecan-induced diarrhea toxicity. The present study aims to investigate the inhibition of UGT1A1 by levothyroxine which is clinically used to treat thyroid hormone deficiency, and occasionally to prevent the recurrence of thyroid cancer. The recombinant UGT1A1 was used as enzyme source, and 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was utilized as a non-specific Bromosporine probe substrate. The results showed that levothyroxine inhibited the UGT1A1-catalyzed 4-MU glucuronidation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots showed that the inhibition of UGT1A1 by levothyroxine check details was best fit to the competitive inhibition type, and the inhibition kinetic parameter (K-i) was calculated to be 1 mu M. Taken together, the competitive of levothyroxine towards UGT1A1 was demonstrated in the present study, which might induce severe clinical results, including potential drug-drug interaction and metabolic disorders of endogenous substances.”
“Excise duties on roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco, which are generally based on RYO cigarettes containing 1 g of
tobacco, are lower than duties on factory-made (FM) cigarettes. This provides a price incentive for smokers to switch to RYO, the use of which is increasing across Europe. To effectively approximate duties on the two types of products, accurate data on the weight of RYO cigarettes are required. We provide updated information on RYO use and RYO cigarette weight across Europe. From a representative face-to-face survey conducted in 2010 in 18 European countries (Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, England, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Sweden), we considered data from 5158 current smokers aged 15 years or above, with available information on daily consumption of FM and RYO cigarettes separately. In Europe, 10.