The presence

of the ambient molecular dipoles affects mainly the energy of the lowest CT state and barely the energies of the Q and B states. The molecular dipoles affect the energies of the excited states in a similar way as an external electrostatic field. Hence, the electric field induced by the molecular dipoles of the helical peptides could be used analogously to the external electrostatic field to control electron transfer (ET) in the PQ complex.”
“Background and objective: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists, including etanercept (a soluble TNF receptor) and infliximab (an anti-TNF monoclonal Caspase activity antibody) are used in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 50 mg etanercept weekly in subjects with RA who have failed infliximab therapy.\n\nMethods:

This phase 4, multicenter, open-label, single-arm, 16-week observational study enrolled subjects who had experienced primary (failure to achieve an initial response) or secondary (failure to maintain an initial response) infliximab failures. Effectiveness was measured using European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response criteria and laboratory assessments were used to evaluate levels of inflammation, lymphotoxin TH-302 a, drug concentrations, and antibodies to infliximab. Safety endpoints included incidence of serious adverse events.\n\nClinical trial registration: This trial was registered under U. S. National Institutes of Health ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00099554.\n\nResults: At week 16, over half (62%; 95% CI=55, 69) of all subjects in the trial check details achieved a good or moderate EULAR response (DAS28) with etanercept. Using ACR criteria, after 16 weeks of etanercept therapy, 45% (95% CI=38, 52) of all subjects had achieved

an ACR20 response. Benefits were noted in tender and swollen joint counts, subject and physician global assessments, joint pain, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire. Outcomes were similar between subjects with primary and secondary infliximab failures. Levels of lymphotoxin a did not appear to affect response to etanercept. Potential limitations included the lack of a washout period, short duration of the trial, and the number of subjects who did not receive all doses of etanercept.\n\nConclusion: In this open-label, uncontrolled study, subjects with moderate to severe RA who failed to respond or who lost their initial response to infliximab safely benefited from receiving etanercept.”
“PURPOSE: The study examined if preoperative plasma D-dimer level was associated with the postoperative cumulative incidence of deep venous thrombosis in patients with colorectal cancer admitted for intended curative surgery.