From these values, total work (W) was calculated as (r * R total ), where r is the resistance in kg and Rtotal is the total number of revolutions completed in the 30-second testing period. Peak anaerobic power was calculated as , where R max is the number of revolutions completed in the first five seconds of the test and 6m corresponds to the distance traversed by the flywheel in one revolution (6 meters). Mean anaerobic power was calculated as . Fatigue Index was calculated as the ratio of the minimum number of revolutions (Rmin) to Rmax. One P5091 Repetition Maximum (1RM) Strength After laboratory pre-testing, but prior to the first training session, participants

reported buy SCH727965 to the training location for the determination of 1RM in the CP and 45° LP exercises. For the purposes of this study, 1RM is defined as the maximum weight an individual Selleck Pictilisib is able to perform on a given exercise, with good form, through the full range of motion and was administered according to the NSCA guidelines [28]. Briefly, a warm up with a

low resistance and five to 10 repetitions was followed by one minute of rest. A second warm up load was estimated to allow the subject to complete three to five repetitions. Following a two-minute rest period, weight was gradually increased by five to 10% for CP, or 10 to 20% for LP for a single repetition, followed by a two-minute rest period. Weight was increased gradually until a failed attempt or proper form was not maintained. Upon failure, weight was reduced by 2.5-5% for CP, or 5-10% for LP and the participant made another, final attempt after a four-minute rest period. The maximum weight successfully lifted once was recorded as the 1RM for that exercise. The form cues used for the 1RM and training sessions for each exercise did not differ. For the CP, the participant was to lie flat on the bench with selleck screening library the eyes approximately

at the level of the bar as it rests in the rack. The participant was to grasp the bar so that the wrists were situated directly above the elbows for the duration of each repetition. The participant’s back maintained contact with the bench at all times, and did not become unnaturally arched. The participant’s feet remained flat on the floor and the heels did not rise during the exercise. The bar was lowered until the upper arms were parallel with the floor, and the elbows were flexed at approximately 90°, at which point the bar was pressed back to full extension. For the LP, feet were placed on the push plate so that they were just wider than shoulder width and the knees were flexed to approximately 90°. The plate was lowered until the tops of the thighs were just touching the chest, at which point it was pressed out to full extension. Nutritional intake and supplementation protocol After the pre-testing session and at the end of the study, participants were required to complete a three-day food and activity log.