The pericycle cell length was less dramatically reduced than cortical cell length, LY2606368 price suggesting that a reduction in the pericycle cell number relative to the cortex could occur with the increase of the IAA level. Expression of the DR5:GUS auxin reporter was also less effectively induced, and

the AXR3 auxin repressor protein was less effectively eliminated in such root portions, suggesting that decreased auxin responsiveness may accompany the inhibition. Our study highlights a connection between auxin-regulated inhibition of parent root elongation and a decrease in lateral root initiation. This may be required to regulate the spacing of lateral roots and optimize root architecture to environmental demands.”
“The selleck inhibitor metabolic fate of [carbonyl-(14)C]nicotinamide was investigated in 9 fern species, Psilotum nudum, Angiopteris evecta, Lygodium japonicum, Acrostichum aureum, Asplenium antiquum, Diplazium subsinuatum, Thelypteris acuminate, Blechnum orientate and Crytomium fortune. All fern species produce a large quantity of nicotinic acid glucoside from [(14)C]nicotinamide, but trigonelline formation is very low. Increases in the release of (14)CO(2) with incubation time was accompanied by decreases in [carboxyl-(14)C]nicotinic

acid glucoside. There was slight stimulation of nicotinic acid glucoside formation by 250 mM NaCl in mature leaves of the mangrove fern, Acrostichum aureum, but it is unlikely that this compound acts as a compatible solute. Nicotinamide and nicotinic acid salvage for pyridine nucleotide synthesis was detected in all fern species, although this activity was always less than nicotinic acid glucoside synthesis. Predominant formation of nicotinic acid glucoside is characteristic of nicotinic acid metabolism in ferns. This reaction Caspase inhibitor review appears to act as a detoxication mechanism, removing excess

nicotinic acid. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“The nonspecific diagnoses ‘chronic rejection’ ‘CAN’, or ‘IF/TA’ suggest neither identifiable pathophysiologic mechanisms nor possible treatments. As a first step to developing a more useful taxonomy for causes of new-onset late kidney allograft dysfunction, we used cluster analysis of individual Banff score components to define subgroups. In this multicenter study, eligibility included being transplanted prior to October 1, 2005, having a ‘baseline’ serum creatinine <= 2.0 mg/dL before January 1, 2006, and subsequently developing deterioration of graft function leading to a biopsy. Mean time from transplant to biopsy was 7.5 +/- 6.1 years. Of the 265 biopsies (all with blinded central pathology interpretation), 240 grouped into six large (n > 13) clusters.

“
“Background: Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) has recently been implicated as a common cause of croup in children. GNS-1480 datasheet This study was performed to evaluate viruses associated with croup in children, with an emphasis on HCoV-NL63.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal aspirates were prospectively collected from 182 children hospitalized with croup at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from January 2005 to June 2009. Multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was conducted for detection of 11 respiratory viruses, and medical records were reviewed.

Results: Viruses were identified in 147 (80.8%) of the 182 croup patients. The 3 most commonly detected viruses were parainfluenza virus type 1 (PIV1)

in 44 (24.2%) patients, HCoV-NL63 in 30 (16.5%) patients, and influenza A virus in 25 (13.7%) patients. Other detected viruses were rhinovirus SRT2104 clinical trial in 22 (12.1%) patients, PIV type 3 and respiratory syncytial virus in 15 (8.2%) patients, human bocavirus in 8 (4.4%) patients, and several others in a few patients. Coinfections with >2 viruses were found in 20 (11%) patients. HCoV-NL63 was identified primarily in winter, which coincides with the peak occurrence of croup. Patients with HCoV-NL63 infection were younger than those who were positive for PIV1 (median age 13 months versus 21 months, P = 0.006) and had shorter fever duration than influenza A virus infection (median

1.5 days versus 4 days, P = 0.000).

Conclusions: PIV1 and HCoV-NL63 were most commonly associated with patients who were hospitalized with croup. HCoV-NL63 is prevalent in winter and is associated with younger age and with shorter fever duration.”
“Introduction and hypothesis This study was conducted to assess national rates in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery in the USA from 1998 to 2007. Methods We utilized the 1998-2007 Nationwide Inpatient Sample and assessed women aged 20 years and older who underwent Selleckchem PRT062607 SUI surgery based on the International

Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) procedure and diagnosis codes.

Results The total number of SUI surgeries performed during this 10-year period was 759,821. The annual number of procedures increased from 37,953 in 1998 to 94,910 in 2007. The type of SUI surgery performed also changed (p<0.001). In 1998, retropubic suspensions represented 52.3%, decreasing to 13.8% in 2007. “”Other repair of SUI”" (ICD-9 59.79) comprised 22.4% in 1998, increasing to 75.2% in 2007, likely representing midurethral slings.

Conclusions The total number and incidence rates of SUI surgeries have increased from 1998 to 2007. The type of SUI surgery performed has also changed significantly, likely secondary to adoption of midurethral slings.”
“Introduction: Unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) derived from umbilical cord blood are an attractive alternative to human embryonic stem cells (hESC) for cellular therapy.

e. VIA every 5 years for women aged 30-45 years, followed by Pap smear every 5 years for women aged 50-60 years). This strategy was dominant, with a QALY gain of 0.01 and a total cost saving of Baht (Bt)800, compared with doing nothing. from the societal perspective, universal HPV vaccination for girls aged 15 years without screening resulted in a QALY gain of 0.06 at an additional cost of Bt8800, based on the cost of Bt15 000 for a full immunization schedule. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, comparing HPV vaccinations for girls aged 15 years with the current national policy of Pap smears for women aged 35-60 years www.selleckchem.com/erk.html every 5 years, was approximately Bt181 000 per

QALY gained. This figure was relatively high for the Thai setting.

Conclusions: The results suggest that controlling PXD101 in vitro cervical cancer by increasing the numbers of women accepting the VIA and Pap smear screening as routine and by improving the performance of the existing screening programmes is the most cost-effective policy option in Thailand.”
“We report the preparation of responsive silica nanoparticles by reaction of epoxy modified silica with stimuli responsive poly (acrylic acid-N-isopropylacrylamide) (poly (AA-co-NIPAAm)). A series of copolymers of poly (AA-co-NIPAAm) were

synthesized by a novel route, employing solid state condensation of polyacrylic acid and isopropyl amine in different feed ratios (44 mol %-100 mol % AA). The structure of the copolymers was characterized by FT-IR, (1)H-NMR. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was found to vary with the copolymer composition. The pH dependence of the LCST was also observed, and the copolymers exhibited a higher LCST at neutral pH than at acidic pH (4-5). Selected Autophagy Compound Library datasheet copolymers were used to prepare responsive core-shell particles.

Silica nanoparticles modified using glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy propyl silane were reacted with the responsive copolymer to form responsive core-shell particles. The influence of reaction conditions on the modification of silica particles and reaction with responsive copolymers was investigated. The hydrodynamic behavior of the synthesized thermo responsive nanoparticles was also studied. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 335-344, 2011″
“The purpose of this study was to develop and optimize formulations of mucoadhesive bilayered buccal tablets of pravastatin sodium using carrageenan gum as the base matrix. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K 30, Pluronic (R) F 127, and magnesium oxide were used to improve tablet properties. Magnesium stearate, talc, and lactose were used to aid the compression of tablets. The tablets were found to have good appearance, uniform thickness, diameter, weight, pH, and drug content. A 2(3) full factorial design was employed to study the effect of independent variables viz.

A plan comparison between the two solutions is difficult, but they seem to be similar in efficacy with any small differences being difficult to interpret AG-881 order and of questionable clinical significance. Helical tomotherapy

has the advantage of a significantly decreased beam-on time. (C) 2010 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Though silane chemistry has been used to crosslink unfilled polyethylene for many years, such crosslinking has only been recently applied to wood plastic composites to improve properties such as creep resistance. However, the presence of wood significantly changes the silane chemistry and a greater understanding is necessary for optimal processing and performance. We investigated three different approaches of adding silane and peroxide during reactive extrusion of wood-plastic composites were investigated and compared to their unfilled counterparts. Up to 2 grams of a 20:1 solution of vinyltrimethoxysilane and dicumyl peroxide by weight were added per 100 grams of plastic. Low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, and a blend of the two were investigated as matrices in composites containing approximately 25% wood flour. The

unfilled plastics crosslinked efficiently and little selleck kinase inhibitor premature crosslinking occurred during processing. Though only modest improvements in tensile strengths were found in unfilled plastics, the notched Izod impact energy of unfilled HDPE improved nearly 600% when crosslinked. Unlike the unfilled plastics, most of the crosslinking of the composites occurred during processing. This resulted in high viscosities and processing difficulties, negating some of the advantages of a separate crosslinking Geneticin inhibitor step and limiting the amount of crosslinking possible. Some reinforcement of the plastics by the wood flour was achieved when sufficient crosslinking solution was added. Adding crosslinking solution also and greatly increased reverse-notched impact energies. The differences between the approaches for preparing the crosslinked composites appeared

to largely be a matter of efficiency in terms of the amount of crosslinking solution required to affect processing and performance. The most efficient approach was a two-step procedure where the silane was first grafted to the plastic and then wood flour was compounded with the grafted silane in a second step. Published 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 2292-2303, 2011″
“Adrenocortical oncocytoma is a rare adrenal neoplasm with only 25 cases having been reported in the English medical literature, of which only seven were functional tumors. Since these adrenal tumors are usually nonfunctional, they are mostly incidentally detected, and most of them are benign. Herein, we report on a rare case of a functional adrenocortical oncocytoma of an uncertain malignant potential and this tumor was located in the left adrenal gland in a 59-year-old woman who presented with hypertension.

In our study results, the mobile phone irradiation-induced increases in the content of active Bax were inhibited significantly by green tea polyphenols, while the contents of total Bax had no marked changes after the treatment of green tea polyphenols. Our results suggested a neuroprotective effect of green tea polyphenols against the mobile phone irradiation-induced

injury on the cultured rat cortical neurons.”
“Background: Impulsivity is a hallmark characteristic of drug addiction and a prominent feature of externalizing disorders such as psychopathy that are commonly comorbid with drug addiction. In a previous study (Vassileva et al., 2007) we have shown that psychopathic heroin addicts evidence more impulsive decision-making on the Iowa Gambling Task relative to non-psychopathic heroin addicts. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether the Luminespib order observed impulse-control deficits in psychopathic heroin addicts would generalize to other neurocognitive domains of impulsivity, such as delay discounting and behavioral inhibition among a group of relatively “”pure”" heroin addicts in Bulgaria who participated in our previous

study.

Methods: We tested 92 currently abstinent male heroin addicts, classified as psychopathic or non-psychopathic based on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R). We administered two neurocognitive RSL3 Metabolism inhibitor tasks of impulsivity: (1) Delayed Rewards Discounting Task, a measure of temporal discounting of rewards; and (2) Passive Avoidance Learning Task, a measure of behavioral inhibition.

Results: Psychopathic heroin addicts were not impaired relative to non-psychopathic heroin addicts on the Delayed Rewards Discounting Task and the Passive Avoidance Learning

Task, on the latter of which they showed better attentional capacity.

Conclusions: These results indicate that psychopathic heroin users are not uniformly impaired across neurocognitive domains of impulsivity. Combined with our previous MEK162 supplier findings, results suggest that the presence of psychopathy may exacerbate decision-making deficits in psychopathic heroin addicts, but it may not have significant effect on other neurocognitive domains of impulsivity in this population. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Most empirical studies support a decline in speciation rates through time, although evidence for constant speciation rates also exists. Declining rates have been explained by invoking pre-existing niches, whereas constant rates have been attributed to non-adaptive processes such as sexual selection and mutation. Trends in speciation rate and the processes underlying it remain unclear, representing a critical information gap in understanding patterns of global diversity. Here we show that the temporal trend in the speciation rate can also be explained by frequency-dependent selection.

Results-Most (750/1,268 [59%]) dogs in the study were from Colorado, Florida, or New York. The overall

seroprevalence of antibodies against H3N8 CIV was 49% (618/1,268 dogs; 95% confidence interval, 46% to 51%). The annual prevalence of H3N8 CIV seropositivity increased from 2005 (44%) to 2006 (53%) and 2007 (62%), then decreased in 2008 (38%) and 2009 (15%). The likelihood of H3N8 CIV seropositivity was associated with geographic Z-VAD-FMK ic50 region (southeast during 2005, west and northeast during 2006 and 2007, and northeast during 2008) and exposure setting (dogs housed in a shelter facility or boarding kennel during 2005 and 2006).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results of this study suggested there is a need for continued surveillance for H3N8 CIV infection in dogs in the United States and that personnel in communal dog-housing facilities should formulate, implement, and evaluate biosecurity protocols to reduce the risk of CIV transmission among dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013;242:209-216)”
“Background: It has been shown in experimental animal models that were extended to humans that during autoimmune conditions, the immune system generates beneficial autoantibody (auto Ab) response to a limited number of inflammatory mediators that drive the pathogenesis CFTRinh-172 in vitro of the disease.

Objective: To investigate the presence of auto Abs to cytokines and chemokines in psoriasis.

Methods: Sera were obtained from patients with psoriasis

(n = 37), atopic dermatitis (AD) (n = 18) and healthy Volunteers (n = 56). The titers of auto (Abs) to TNF-alpha, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and chemokines CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5 were determined using enzyme-linked

immunosorbant assay. Neutralizing activities of high-titer auto Abs to TNF-alpha and IFN-alpha were determined using functional in vitro assays.

Results: Highly significant increased titers check details of auto Abs to TNF-alpha and IFN-alpha were detected in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy subjects and patients with AD (mean titers more than fourfold). These auto Abs demonstrated some neutralizing activity in vitro, but their serum levels did not correlate with the intensity and duration of the disease and with phototherapy induced remissions. Significantly increased titers albeit to a lesser extent, of auto Abs to CCL3 were detected in AD.

Conclusions: Psoriasis patients produce markedly increased levels of auto Abs to TNF-alpha and IFN-alpha which are two of the key cytokines in this disorder. The presence of these auto Abs which possess some neutralizing activity in vitro, may be an epiphenomenon or might play a role in attempting to suppress the ongoing inflammatory process. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd on behalf of Japanese Society for investigative Dermatology.”
“Background: A recent Study Found fewer hospitalizations for congestive heart failure (CHF) patients receiving high-close versus low-dose statin therapy.

5 Pa O-2, or depositing in atmosphere of R=2% and annealed in vacuum. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3055286]“
“Oscillating electrowetting on dielectrics (EWOD) with coplanar electrodes is investigated in this paper

as a way PI3K inhibitor to provide efficient stirring within a drop with biological content. A supporting model inspired from Ko et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 194102 (2009)] is proposed allowing to interpret oscillating EWOD-induced drop internal flow as the result of a current streaming along the drop surface deformed by capillary waves. Current streaming behaves essentially as a surface flow generator and the momentum it sustains within the (viscous) drop is even more significant as the surface to volume ratio is small. With the circular electrode pair considered in this paper, oscillating Dibutyryl-cAMP supplier EWOD sustains toroidal vortical flows when the experiments are conducted with aqueous drops in air as ambient phase. But when oil is used as ambient phase, it is demonstrated that the presence of an electrode gap is responsible for a change in drop shape: a pinch-off at the electrode gap yields a peanut-shaped drop and a symmetry break-up of the EWOD-induced

flow pattern. Viscosity of oil is also responsible for promoting an efficient damping of the capillary waves which populate the surface of the actuated drop. As a result, the capillary network switches from one standing wave to two superimposed traveling waves of different mechanical energy, provided that actuation frequency is large

enough, for instance, as large as the one commonly used in electrowetting applications (f similar to 500 Hz and beyond). Special emphasis is put on stirring of biological samples. As a typical see more application, it is demonstrated how beads or cell clusters can be focused under flow either at mid-height of the drop or near the wetting plane, depending on how the nature of the capillary waves is (standing or traveling), and therefore, depending on the actuation frequency (150 Hz-1 KHz). (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.”
“Background: Metal-on-metal bearings for hip arthroplasty have been in clinical use for over twenty years with excellent clinical results reported worldwide. A small percentage (< 1%) of patients have developed an inflammatory response, and a more severe inflammatory response termed pseudotumor has been more recently reported. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pseudotumor following metal-on-metal hip resurfacing in Canadian academic centers.

Methods: Nine of the fourteen centers that perform metal-on-metal hip resurfacings were surveyed. The number of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasties performed at each center was determined, as was the number of patients who presented with a pseudotumor and subsequently required revision hip surgery between 2002 and December 2008.

Results: At the nine centers, 3432 hip resurfacing arthroplasties were performed; 76.

Only 1% of accepted species were known invaders at the site. WRA performance varied among different growth forms, and underestimated the risks arising

from palm species. Among those species that had naturalised, the WRA was better at identifying invaders of open rather than forest habitats. The WRA score was significantly correlated with how widespread species had become at the site, suggesting some capacity to predict spatial spread at a landscape scale. Knowledge of propagule pressure and residence time did not increase explanatory power. These results indicate that the WRA was able to discriminate between invaders and non-invaders with accuracy comparable to similar assessments in temperate and sub-tropical regions. It could be made more effective by weighting traits important in tropical forests PARP inhibitors clinical trials e.g. certain growth forms, shade tolerance etc. more heavily. find more Such a modified WRA could be used successfully elsewhere in the palaeotropics as a screening tool to identify the risk of invasion arising from plants introduced for agroforestry, horticulture or landscaping. Given the increasing pressures on tropical forests and

importance of agroforestry to local economies, the WRA protocol represents a useful conservation tool. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Developmental genetic studies in Drosophila unraveled the importance of Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) genes in controlling

cellular identity. PcG and TrxG proteins form histone modifying selleck complexes that catalyze repressive or activating histone modifications, respectively, and thus maintaining the expression status of homeotic genes. Human orthologs of PcG and TrxG genes are implicated in tumorigenesis as well as in determining the prognosis of individual cancers. Recent whole genome analyses of cancers also highlighted the importance of histone modifying proteins in controlling tumorigenesis. Comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic relationship between histone regulation and tumorigenesis holds the promise of significantly advancing our understanding and management of cancer. It is anticipated that Drosophila melanogaster, the model organism that contributed significantly to our understanding of the functional role of histone regulation in development, could also provide unique insight for our understanding of how histone dysregulation can lead to cancer. In this review, we will discuss several recent advances in this regard.”
“Analysis of IgG subclass distribution of antibodies may provide insights into the mechanisms driving antibody production. Here, we have first determined IgG subclass distribution of anti-recombinant peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (anti-hPADI4) antibodies in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sera from 103 RA patients were screened to IgG anti-PADI4 using recombinant antigens.

Aim and methods: We investigated the prevalence and clinical correlates of organ damage (OD), namely carotid atherosclerosis (US scan) and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (three non-consecutive first morning samples) in a group of 164 obese patients and in an age- and gender-matched https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Cyclopamine.html group of non-obese hypertensive patients.

Results: There was a significantly greater prevalence and severity of OD in obese patients as compared to non-obese hypertensive

patients. In particular obese patients more frequently had microalbuminuria (16 vs7%, chi(2) 5.8, P = 0.0157) and carotid abnormalities (53 vs 10%, chi(2) 69.5, P < 0.0001) as well as higher urinary albumin excretion rate (-0.05 +/- 0.52 vs -0.28 +/- 0.43log ACR, P < 0.0001) and carotid intima-media thickness (0.955 +/- 0.224 vs 0.681 +/- 0.171, < 0.0001). Notably, the coexistence of hypertension

and obesity did not entail a greater prevalence and severity of OD. Moreover, after adjusting for potentially confounding factors including blood pressure levels, diagnosis of diabetes, and lipid profile, GSK2879552 cell line morbidly obese patients showed a 5-fold, and 22-fold higher risk of having microalbuminuria, and carotid atherosclerosis, respectively.

Conclusions: Sub-clinical OD is highly prevalent in obese patients, even in the absence of high blood pressure. Hypertension and obesity seem to exert an independent, possibly non-additive role on the occurrence of organ damage. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“To compare the failure rate (pregnancies) of a Pomeroy procedure and Filshie clips tubal occlusion at the time of Caesarean section.

This is a retrospective observational study done in a district general hospital in the UK. There were 290 sterilisations performed at the time of Caesarean section over the period of 1994-2007. Studied population included this website 203 Pomeroy procedures and 87 Filshie clips applications. Follow-up period ranged from 2 to 15 years. A birth register and an operating theatre database were used to identify patients who underwent Caesarean section with

a tubal occlusion. These patients’ names were checked against the antenatal booking database, the early pregnancy assessment unit database, the operating theatre database in case of ectopic pregnancies, and a termination of pregnancy database to recognise failed sterilisation.

There was no failure of tubal occlusion with a Pomeroy procedure (0/203). The failure rate of Filshie clips tubal occlusion was 1.15% (1/87) (p = 0.3). The length of the follow-up period ranged from 2 to 15 years (for Pomeroy procedure, median was 9 years and inter-quartile range (IQR) was 7; for Filshie clip, median was 8 years and IQR was 7).

Pomeroy technique appears to carry a lower risk of a failed sterilisation than Filshie clips tubal occlusion at the time of Caesarean section.

Given the financial constraints in a public health care setting, more strict criteria for patient selection or reduced drug costs would improve the cost-effectiveness of RSV prophylaxis.”
“Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes granulocytic anaplasmosis, an acute disease in humans that is also often subclinical. However, 36% are hospitalized, 7% need intensive care, and the case fatality rate is 0.6%. The biological

basis for severe disease is not understood. Despite A. phagocytophilum’s mechanisms to subvert neutrophil antimicrobial responses, whether these mechanisms lead to disease is unclear. In animals, inflammatory lesions track with IFN? and IL-10 expression and infection of Ifng-/- mice leads to increased pathogen load but inhibition of inflammation. Suppression of STAT signaling in horses impacts IL-10 and IFN-? expression, and also suppresses disease severity. Similar inhibition

of inflammation with infection of NKT-deficient Stattic molecular weight mice suggests that innate immune responses are key for disease. With severe disease, tissues can demonstrate hemophagocytosis, and measures of macrophage activation/hemophagocytic syndromes Napabucasin mouse (MAS/HPS) support the concept of human granulocytic anaplasmosis as an immunopathologic disease. MAS/HPS are related to defective cytotoxic lymphocytes that ordinarily diminish inflammation. Pilot studies in mice show cytotoxic lymphocyte activation with A. phagocytophilum infection, yet suppression of cytotoxic responses from both NKT and CD8 cells, consistent with the development of MAS/HPS. Whether severity relates to microbial factors or genetically determined diversity in human immune and inflammatory response needs more investigation.”
“Purpose: To compare the anatomic and clinical features in patients with chronic portal vein thrombosis Stem Cell Compound Library concentration (PVT)

to determine why some patients develop portal biliopathy (PB) while most do not and propose an etiology for PB.

Materials and Methods: This project satisfied HIPAA regulations and received institutional review board approval for a retrospective review without the need for consent. From 100 patients with PVT, 60 were extracted who had chronic, nonmalignant PVT, after exclusion of those with sclerosing cholangitis, liver transplants, choledocholithiasis, or portosystemic shunts. Clinical and imaging data from 19 patients with biliary dilatation (PB group) were compared with data from 41 patients without biliary dilatation (no-PB group). Statistical analysis was performed with the Fisher exact test for categorical variables or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for numerical and ordered categorical variables. P values of .05 or less were considered to indicate a significant difference.

Results: The etiology of PVT differed between the groups (P < .001); cirrhosis was infrequently seen in the PB group (two of 19, 11%) but was common in the no-PB group (31 of 41, 76%).