Hall effect measurements indicate that the material has p-type conductivity with mid-10(15) carriers/cm(3) and hole mobilities in the 5-50 cm(2)/V.s range. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3611418]“
“Introduction: Fasciculoventricular pathways (FVPs) are rare causes

of preexcitation that do not mediate tachycardias. We report a two-center experience of pediatric patients with FVP and an www.selleckchem.com/products/anlotinib-al3818.html unexpectedly high association of complex congenital heart defects (CHDs), chromosomal anomalies, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Methods: A retrospective review of the electrophysiology database at two institutions was performed to identify patients with FVP from January 2000 to January 2011. Medical records of these patients were reviewed for clinical history and course, presence of comorbidities,

and details of intracardiac electrophysiology (EP) study.

Results: A total of 17 patients were identified. The primary indication for EP study was a preexcitation pattern on electrocardiogram. The majority of patients, 12/ 17 (71%), were found to have associated cardiac and genetic anomalies. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was found in 5/ 17 (29%) patients, with genetic testing in two patients demonstrating the lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 mutation (Danon syndrome). Underlying complex CHDs were present in 3/ 17 (18%) patients. One patient (6%) was status post (s/ p) cardiac P005091 nmr transplant, one patient had hypertension, and another had Trisomy 21. Other electrophysiologic substrates mediating tachycardia were found in 3/ 17 (18%) patients. Only 5/ 17 patients (29%) click here were otherwise healthy with structurally normal hearts.

Conclusions:

In this largest reported series of FVP in children, there is an unusually high association of FVP with complex CHDs, chromosomal anomalies, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Any patient with such disorders and manifest preexcitation should be evaluated with a high index of suspicion for a FVP. (PACE 2012; 35: 308-313)”
“After living cells are exposed to ionizing radiation, a variety of chemical modifications of DNA are induced either directly by ionization of DNA or indirectly through interactions with water-derived radicals. The DNA lesions include single strand breaks (SSB), base lesions, sugar damage, and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites (AP sites). Clustered DNA damage, which is defined as two or more of such lesions within one to two helical turns of DNA induced by a single radiation track, is considered to be a unique feature of ionizing radiation. A double strand break (DSB) is a type Of Clustered DNA damage, in which single strand breaks arc formed on opposite strands in close proximity. Fort-nation and repair of DSBs have been studied in great detail over the years as they have been linked to important biological endpoints, such as cell death, loss of genetic material, chromosome aberration.

“
“Objectives:

Steroids have been a gold-standard drug of immunosuppressive regimens in kidney transplantation. Steroid minimization protocols have been applied to minimize the adverse effects of steroids. We have evaluated the short-term outcomes of our early steroid discontinuation regimen.

Methods:

A total of 128 recipients who received kidney from ABO-compatible, flow crossmatch-negative living-related

donors were included in this study. Immunosuppressive regimens consisted of tacrolimus (TAC), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and basiliximab. In a cohort of recipients, designated as a steroid early discontinuation (ESD) group, only three doses of methylprednisolone (MP) were given Ganetespib solubility dmso (500, 250, 125 mg). In the other cohort of recipients, designated as a chronic steroid (CS) group, MP was given chronically, being tapered to 4 mg at one month AZD5582 post-transplant. TAC and mycophenolic acid (MPA) blood levels were monitored. The following data were retrospectively compared between the two groups at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months post-transplant:

serum creatinine (sCr), urine protein per gCr (uP/Cr), the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR), graft survival (GS), area-under-the-curve of blood levels of tacrolimus (TAC-AUC(0-12), ng h/mL) and mycophenolic acid (MPA-AUC(0-12), mu g h/mL), MMF dose (mg), the incidence of opportunistic infection, post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), and histopathologic findings of protocol biopsy according to the

Banff ’07 classification.

Results:

sCr and uP/Cr were comparable between Cl-amidine cost the two groups up to 12 months except for sCr at one month (ESD group > CS group). TAC-AUC(0-12) was significantly higher in ESD group at one month but was equivalent thereafter, while the prevalence of biopsy-proven tubulotoxicity was not different. MMF dose was comparable throughout the period between two groups. The incidence of BPAR until 12 months was equivalent. Of note, 60% of BPAR cases in ESD group occurred within one month. Prevalence of opportunistic infection or PTDM was equivalent. Graft survival was 100% in both groups. The following histopathologic scores up to 12 months were also equivalent: t, i, g, v, ci, ct, cg, cv, mm, ah, and ptc.

Conclusions:

Favorable short-term outcomes were achieved both clinically and histologically using our early steroid discontinuation protocol compared with the conventional protocol with chronic steroid treatment.”
“This study examined the influence of education on smoking status in a cohort (n = 316) of pregnant women who were smokers at the time they learned of the current pregnancy. Subjects were participants in clinical trials examining the efficacy of monetary-based incentives for smoking-cessation and relapse prevention.

The prepared tablets were found to be of acceptable quality with low-weight variation and uniform drug content. In vitro release studies indicated rapid swelling and release of significant percentage of drug in the initial period from matrix tablets

composed of xanthan gum alone. Addition of pH responsive polymers Eudragit (L100 or S100) to xanthan gum matrix resulted in negligible to very low drug release in the initial period in acidic to weakly acidic medium. Furthermore, with increase in pH of the dissolution medium due to dissolution of Eudragit L100/Eudragit S100 that resulted in the formation of a porous matrix, faster but controlled drug release pattern was observed. Thus, a sigmoidal release pattern was observed selleckchem RAD001 from the designed formulations suitable for colonic delivery. Drug release mechanism in all cases was found to be of super case II type, indicating erosion to be the primary cause of drug release. Since the drug release from almost

all the matrix bases in the initial phase was negligibly low and followed with controlled release for about 14-16 h, it was concluded that a matrix design of this composition could have potential applications as a colon-specific drug delivery device with additional advantage of easy scale-up and avoidance of all-or-none phenomenon associated with coated colon-specific systems.”
“A cross-sectional study was carried out to identify risk factors for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in 300 randomly selected dairy herds which were tested for antibodies in bulk tank milk (BTM) using a commercial indirect ELISA kit (SVANOVA). Results from the analysis were interpreted according to the Swedish BVDV control scheme. The testing revealed 129 (43%) BTM BVDV antibody-positive herds. Use of artificial insemination (AI) and herd size were significantly associated with BVDV serological status (P < 0.05). Dairy herds that use AI had 2.82 Silmitasertib increased odds of

BVDV-seropositivity (95% CI: 1.02-7.24). Since the semen used in the studied population come from known selected sires, it was hypothesized that AI technicians should represent an important risk factor because the increasing number of visitors in the farm can introduce the virus through the clothes, shoes and contaminated equipment. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Study Design. Reliability comparison of 2 radiographic axis systems by inter- and intraobserver variability.

Objective. To determine whether the central hip vertical axis (CHVA) provides a more reliable reference axis for the evaluation of scoliosis.

Summary of Background Data. Current practices in the evaluation of the scoliotic spine use the central sacral vertical line (CSVL), a true vertical drawn upward from the middle of S1, to assess the spinal deformity. However, the CVSL is defined only in the coronal radiographic view and has no corresponding definition in the sagittal view.

(C) 2010 The Foretinib order Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Our recently developed magnetic force microscopy for simultaneous imaging of perpendicular and in-plane magnetic field gradients was applied to polycrystalline La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 granular films with in-plane magnetization. The present method clearly imaged the gradient of the perpendicular and the in-plane magnetic

field from the boundary phase, which behaved as a magnetic double layer with two separate planes of magnetic charges. Especially after magnetizing the film in one direction, the perpendicular and in-plane magnetic field gradients of a magnetic double layer with opposite-sign magnetic charges were clearly observed by this method. Calculated magnetic field gradients are consistent with those of the magnetic force microscopy images. The present method seems to be effective in evaluating the magnetic isolation

between neighboring magnetic grains having the component of in-plane magnetization. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3561151]“
“A novel polymeric flame retardant (FR) with phosphorous-nitrogen pendent groups (PVP-P-DCA) was synthesized by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), phosphoric acid, and dicyandiamide (DCA). Its structure this website was characterized by FTIR, H-1, C-13, P-31 NMR, elemental analysis and TG. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/cotton blends (T/C) was treated via pad-dry-cure process with PVP-P-DCA. The surface of FR-T/C was characterized by FTIR and SEM. The fabric performance was examined by whiteness and tensile property. The fire behavior was performed by limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test, cone calorimetry test. The durability effect, thermal stability, and flame retardancy mechanism of the treated T/C were investigated by TGA, FTIR,

and SEM. The results show that PVP-P-DCA is not only an effective FR but also a good char-forming agent for the T/C. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 342-353, 2011″
“Long-chain alkanoic acids usually form close-packed monolayer films with alkyl chains highly oriented on substrates. Previous studies HDAC 抑制�?review have reported the adsorption of stearic acid on gold, aluminum, copper, silver, and aluminum oxide. However, there are no reports of stearic acid adsorption on magnetic metals. In this work, the characterization of stearic acid adsorbed on Ni(111) surface has been studied experimentally and with first-principles calculation. The results suggest that the stearic acid is chemically adsorbed on the Ni(111) surface via a bidentate interaction with a distance of about 1.8 angstrom. Besides this, we have also obtained results for the charge transfer and magnetic proximity effect. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.

The presence of an identifiable response in ENoG, irrespective of its amplitude, may indicate a favorable recovery of facial movement in children.”
“Background: A total Temsirolimus research buy upper eyelid defect is a rare problem that may result from tumor excision, trauma,

or burns. Reconstruction of a total upper eyelid defect involves the reconstruction of 2 fundamental elements: anterior and posterior lamellae. Because an expander capsule looks like the palpebral conjunctiva with a moist, smooth, white glistening appearance, its use was investigated in the repair of total upper eyelid defects in rabbits.

Methods: Sixty-six tissue expanders with the autogeneic conchal chondro-grafts were implanted into the foreheads of 66 rabbits. After 6 to 8 weeks, the sandwich-prefabricated advancement flaps were designed to reconstruct rectangular excisions of the upper eyelid. The cartilage was

preliminarily inserted in a flap, formed by tissue expansion, and then transferred to an upper eyelid defect in the rabbit. Histopathology was evaluated at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 4 months after reconstruction. The upper palpebral length was measured after 4 months of reconstruction as a 1-dimension Fer-1 Metabolism inhibitor reference point of flap contracture.

Results: No edema, congestion, infection, corneal damage, or necrosis were observed during the reconstructions. Histopathologic studies revealed that the long-term capsule had a normal conjunctiva-like appearance with a stratified columnar epithelium. The average shortening, measured as the length between inner to outer canthal folds, was inconspicuous.

Conclusions: The expander capsule has the potential to act as an effective posterior lamellar substitute of eyelid in a rabbit model. Further studies should be undertaken to see if this represents a good model for a potential human clinical application.”
“Study design. aEuro integral The study was performed in the group of 218 preeclamptic (including 136 with severe PE) and of 400 normotensive healthy women delivered normally after a healthy

gestation. The eNOS –786T/C polymorphism was determined using PCR/RFLP assay. Additionally, detailed correlation between eNOS genotypes and clinical/laboratory data in the PE group has been analyzed.

Results. aEuro integral The higher frequency ALK inhibition of mutated homozygous CC genotypes (17.4%% vs. 11.5%% in controls, OR 1.62, n.s.) and of C alleles (allelic frequency 44.1 vs. 36.6%%; OR 1.36, p == 0.012) in the group of PE has been determined. Furthermore, in the group of severe PE the overrepresentation of mutated CC genotypes (23.5%% vs. 11.5%%, OR 2.37, p == 0.0014) and mutated C alleles (47.8 vs. 36.6%%, OR 1.58, p == 0.0016) has been found.

Conclusions. aEuro integral The presence of mutated homozygous CC genotype and C allele of –786T/C polymorphism of eNOS gene influences the higher susceptibility to develop severe PE development.

Objectives. To document the prevalence of midline vertebral artery (VA) migration in a subgroup of patients presenting with neck pain, radiculopathy, or myelopathy and to identify the course of the VA through the TFs.

Summary of Background Data. Knowledge

of VA anomalies and their respective Dorsomorphin prevalence may help surgeons decrease the incidence of iatrogenic injury to this artery.

Methods. In this retrospective review of 281 consecutive patients, who had an magnetic resonance imaging for axial neck pain, radiculopathy, or myelopathy, anatomic measurements were obtained from C2 to C7.

Results. The observed VA anomalies can be classified into following 3 main groups: (1) intraforaminal anomalies-midline migration, (2) extraforaminal anomalies, and (3) arterial anomalies. Idasanutlin in vivo Midline migration of the VA was identified in 7.6% (19/250) of patients. The etiology can be degenerative or traumatic. It is important

to note that the pattern of medial migration was clockwise rotation from caudal to cephalad and was present in all of our patients with anomalous arteries. Additionally, at C6, only 92% (460/500) of VAs were located within their respective transverse foramens and hypoplastic VAs were identified in 10% (25/250) of patients.

Conclusion. Anomalies that must be considered before surgery include interforamenal anomalies, extraforamenal anomalies, and arterial anomalies. The intraforaminal anomalies involve click here midline migration, which places the VA at direct risk during corpectomy. Extraforaminal

anomalies are related to VAs entering the transverse foramen at a level other than C6, which can increase the risk of injury during the anterior approach to the cervical spine. Arterial anomalies can be fenestrated, hypoplastic, or absent. These raise concern with the ability to maintain cerebral perfusion in the setting of damage to one of the VAs with the presence of contralateral arterial abnormality.”
“A series of conjugated (polyN-(2-ethylhexyl)- 3,6-carbazole-vinylene-alt-[(2,5-bisphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole]) and nonconjugated (polyN-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-carbazole- vinylene-alt-[(2,5-bisphenol)-1,3,4-oxadiazole]) and poly9,9-dihexyl-2,7-fluorene-vinylene-alt-[(2,5-bisphenol)- 1,3,4-oxadiazole]) polymers containing oxadiazole and carbazole or fluorene moieties in the polymer backbone were synthesized with a multiple-step procedure. The properties of the polymers, including the photophysical and electrochemical characteristics, could be fine-tuned by adjustment of the components or structures in the polymer chains. The polymers were used to examine the hole-injection/transport behavior as hole-injection/hole-transport layers in double-layer indium tin oxide (ITO)/polymer/aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)/LiF/Al devices by the determination of their energy levels.

Limited knowledge is available, however, about the information delivered by physicians to patients with low back pain. Hence, this study aimed at evaluating (1) the self-reported practices of French physicians concerning information about patients with acute LBP (2) the consistency of these practices with the COST B13 guidelines, and (3) the effects of the delivery of a leaflet summarizing the COST B13 recommendations on the management of patient information, using the following study design: 528 French physicians [ 319 general practitioners (GP) and 209 rheumatologists (RH)] were asked to provide demographic information, responses to a Fear see more Avoidance Beliefs

questionnaire adapted for physicians and responses to a questionnaire investigating the consistency of their practice with the COST B13 guidelines. Half of the participants (163 GP and 105 RH) were randomized to receive a summary of the COST B13 guidelines concerning information delivery to patient with low back pain and half (156 GP and 104 RH) were not given this information. The mean age of physicians 4EGI-1 Others inhibitor was 52.1 +/- 7.6 years, 25.2% were females, 75% work in private practice, 63.1% reported to treat 10-50 patients with LBP per month and 18.2% < 10 per month. The majority of the physicians (71.0%) reported personal LBP episode (7.1% with a duration superior to 3 months). Among the 18.4% (97) of the physicians that knew the

COST B13 guidelines, 85.6% (83/97) reported that they totally

or partially applied these recommendations in their practice. The average work (0-24) and physical activity (0-24) FABQ scores were 21.2 +/- 8.4 and 10.1 +/- 6.0, respectively. The consistency scores (11 questions scored 0 to 6, total score was standardized from 0 to 100) were significantly higher in the RH group (75.6 +/- 11.6) than in GP group (67.2 +/- 12.6; p < 0.001). The delivery of a summary of the COST B13 guidelines significantly improved the consistency score (p = 0.018). However, a multivariate analysis indicated that only GP consistency was improved by recommendations’ delivery. The results indicated that GP were less consistent with the European COST B13 guidelines on the information of patients with acute LBP than RH. Interestingly, delivery of a summary of these guidelines to GP improved their consistency score, https://www.sellecn.cn/products/cobimetinib-gdc-0973-rg7420.html but not that of the RH. This suggests that GP information campaign can modify the message that they deliver to LBP, and subsequently could change patient’s beliefs on LBP.”
“Efficient method was developed for thiols aminomethylation using N,N,N’,N’-tetra-methylmethanediamine in the presence of Sm and Fe salts. Aminosulfides were obtained in high yields and selectivity.”
“O-linked mannose beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (PomGnT1) constitutes one third of the O-linked glycoproteins in brain tissue. However, its functions have been seldom investigated in brain cancers.

S. News rankings of the top 50 children’s hospitals for diabetes and endocrinology. Analysis was performed on data obtained from the 2011 to 2012 report. Reputation scores exhibited more variance (CV=158%) compared to objective measures (average CV=14%).

Ranking hospitals based on reputation, compared to total score, identified the same top hospital, same top five hospitals, and 90% of the same top 10 hospitals. Ranking based on total objective score resulted in different top hospitals, 60% of the same top five hospitals, and 50% of the same top 10 hospitals. Cl-amidine chemical structure Hospital total rank was strongly associated with reputation rank (rho(2)=0.78) and moderately associated with objective see more rank (rho(2)=0.48). Objective rank was minimally associated with reputation rank (rho(2)=0.19). Among the top 50 children’s hospitals in diabetes and endocrinology, standings reflect reputation more than objective measures.”
“Purpose:

To determine whether baseline screening breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies have a higher rate of follow-up or biopsy recommendation than do studies with prior MR images available for comparison.

Materials and Methods: This was an institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant, retrospective study. Informed consent was waived. Reports from 650 consecutive screening breast MR imaging examinations performed in women between September 2007 and December 2008 were reviewed. All examinations were performed by using the same protocol, and images were interpreted by the same radiologists. Presence of comparison studies, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, and biopsy results were recorded. Data were analyzed Crenolanib by using the x 2 test, the two-sample test of proportions, and the Fisher exact test.

Results: Mean patient age was 51 years

(range, 25-81 years). Of the baseline studies, findings in 31 of 307 (10.1%) were interpreted as BI-RADS category 3 and findings in 18 of 307 (5.9%) were interpreted as BI-RADS category 4 or 5. Of the examinations with findings classified as BI-RADS category 4 or 5, the results in two of 18 (11.1%) were positive for malignancy at biopsy. Of the examinations with prior MR images for comparison, findings in nine of 343 (2.6%) were interpreted as BI-RADS category 3 and findings in 16 of 343 (4.7%) were interpreted as BI-RADS category 4 or 5. Of the examinations with findings classified as BI-RADS category 4 or 5, the results in three of 16 (18.8%) were positive for malignancy at biopsy. The difference in the number of BI-RADS category 3 interpretations between the two groups was significant (P < .001), but there was no significant difference in BI-RADS category 4 or 5 interpretations or positive predictive values.

A simple model based on p-n junction with shunt has been used to obtain information on the change of the junction on voltage cycling. It has been shown that the observation can be explained if the voltage cycling leads THZ1 price to lowering of the barrier at the interface and also reduction in series resistance. It is suggested that this lowering can be related

to the migration of oxygen ions, which causes the vacancies at the junction region. Cross-sectional imaging of the junction shows formation of permanent filamentary bridges across the thickness of the PCMO after the virgin p-n junction is first taken through a voltage cycle, which would explain the appearance of a finite shunt across the p-n junction. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3580507]“
“The cyanoethylation of cotton fabric was carried out using aqueous sodium hydroxide with acrylonitrile in presence of solvents like acetone and ethanol in different concentrations. The modified cellulose was investigated with vertical wicking test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The wicking height

was increased for the modified cellulose. Modified cellulose had increase in crystallinity index Nocodazole chemical structure with reduction of crystallite size. The thermal stability of the modified cellulose was also increased. The images produced using AFM technique revealed that there is appreciable difference in the surface roughness between scoured, mercerized, cyanoethylated and solvent treated samples. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 1622-1627, 2011″
“There is now grade 1 evidence that male circumcision (MC) reduces the risk of a man acquiring HIV. Modelling studies indicate MC could in the next 10 years save up to 2 million lives in those African countries with high HIV prevalence. Several African countries are now scaling up public health MC programmes. The most effective immediate public health MC programmes in Africa will need to target 18-20 years

old men. In the longer term there is a need for infant circumcision programmes. In order to implement more widespread Autophagy Compound Library concentration MC there is a need to make the surgical procedures as simple as possible so that safe operations can be performed by paramedical staff. The WHO Manual of Male Circumcision under local anaesthetic was written with these objectives in mind. Included in the manual are three adult techniques and four paediatric procedures. The adult procedures are the dorsal slit, the forceps guided and the sleeve resection methods. Paediatric methods included are the plastibell technique, the Mogen and Gomco shield method and a standard surgical dorsal slit procedure. Each method is described in a step by step manner with photographic and line drawing illustrations.

The urban Nepali population had the least HI; 4% (1-13%) were affected, with a mean loss of 16 dB (15-19 dB). The difference in

prevalence Selleckchem Mocetinostat between the urban and rural Nepali populations was statistically significant (p > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis did not identify any associated factors.

Conclusions: HI is a common complication of OME in Nepal. There is hitherto-unreported variation between populations in the number of cases of OME complicated by HI. This study identified higher rates of morbidity amongst rural populations but was unable to identify associated factors. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been demonstrated to modulate inflammatory processes and immunological responses. The aim of this work was to investigate the hypothesis that near infrared LLLT (830 nm) over lymph nodes may reduce paw edema and contribute to the modulation of inflammation. The edema was induced by carrageenan inoculation (CGN) into the plantar surface of 100 male mice left hind paw. Animals were divided into five groups: CGN (control), no treatment; Diclo, sodium diclofenac; Paw, LLLT on the paw; Ly, LLLT on the inguinal lymph nodes; and Paw+Ly, LLLT in both paw and lymph nodes, and subdivided according to moment of irradiation: A-1 h and 2 h before CGN, B-1 h

and immediately before CGN, C-1 and 2 h after CGN, and D-3.5 and 4.5 h after CGN. The parameters used were: energy = 1 J, fluence = 35 J/cm(2), power = 100 mW during 10 s. Paw volume was measured before and 1 to 6 h after CGN, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was analyzed.

VE-822 ic50 Edema prevention was obtained by the irradiation of Paw+Ly at moment A and at Ly at moment B, inhibition of edema formation was achieved by either Paw or Ly at moment C, and edema treatment was obtained by Paw or Ly at moment D (p < 0.05). MPO activity was significantly reduced on Paw at moment A, Paw and Ly on C, and in all irradiated groups on B and D. Our results suggest that LLLT was able to produce both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects depending on to the site and moment of irradiation.”
“Objective: To determine the HDAC inhibitor spectrum of diseases and optimal timing of surgical drainage for the opacified sphenoid sinus in children.

Methods: Ten year retrospective chart review of children with isolated sphenoid sinus disease.

Results: Fourteen patients (mean age 11 +/- 2.8 years, range 6.5-15.1 years) were diagnosed with isolated sphenoid sinus disease. Five patients had acute, severe bacterial sphenoiditis, four had sphenoid mucoceles, three had suspected tumors involving the sphenoid bone, clivus or sella, and two were identified incidentally when imaging studies were obtained for unrelated reasons. Headache was the most common symptom. Cranial nerve or other intracranial complications were present in all of those referred because of infection, but in none of the other patients.